မြင့်မြတ် ကျော်ကျော်ဗို ခိုင်သင်းကြည်
Planning is the process of determining future action. It may include both repetitive and non-repetitive operations. The scope of planning varies according to the field of business. Planning is essential for the success of any endeavor. To start with, you should identify the goals that you want to reach through your business.
Objectives
Defining objectives in the planning process is an important step in setting priorities for the organization. Defining these goals early in the process creates alignment with the business and empowers the Product team to make strategic decisions. Without these objectives, a Product team will often develop plans that are out of line with the organization's expectations, which can create discord between the stakeholders. It may also lead to the CEO mandating priorities that are not aligned with the objectives.
Objectives should clearly specify what must be accomplished, and where and when action must be undertaken. They should be measurable so that managers can assess their performance against them. An example of a measurable objective would be a prediction of future market conditions. In general, the more specific the objective is, the more useful it will be to the organization.
Organizational objectives should be SMART, which stands for specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic. They should also be time-bound. Another important component of any plan is a feedback mechanism. Having feedback from stakeholders will make the planning process more effective. Lastly, the plan must be implemented. This involves setting policies, standards, and budgets.
The objectives in the planning process are the end results that management seeks to achieve. They should be specific, measurable in units, and well-defined. Objectives are often set for an organization as a whole and then broken down into departmental objectives. The objectives are important because they provide a framework for the allocation of resources. Identifying the objectives should be realistic and measurable to ensure that every action will help achieve the desired outcome.
Another important component of the planning process is determining what changes are needed to meet those goals. The process should also consider the logistical needs of the organization. This may require additional funding, increased staff, and improved training for employees.
Principles
Planning is a process that helps companies achieve their ultimate goals. It involves evaluating the present situation and determining what changes will be necessary in order to meet the goals. The process also involves making assumptions and presumptions about the environment. These assumptions serve as the basis for the formulation of a plan.
The primary function of planning is to ensure an organization's effectiveness. It defines the organization's goals and objectives in more concrete and meaningful terms. Once these objectives have been established, planners can develop appropriate policies, procedures, programs, and rules to achieve them. This allows managers to focus on the things that are relevant to the business's success.
The second step in the planning process involves establishing goals. These goals may be as small as a grade in a course or as complex as an overall organizational goal. Managers create goals at various levels and align these goals with those of other departments. For example, the marketing department's plan must fit in with the curriculum committee's plan at the departmental and university level. In this way, managers are able to create a complex web of organizational plans that meet their overall goals.
Another planning principle involves time limitations. A plan should be created that identifies the time period that is necessary to meet the objectives. The plan should then be divided into sub-plans and programs that will meet those objectives. Throughout the planning process, the organization should continually evaluate alternatives before making final decisions.
Ultimately, planning enables managers to achieve their goals by determining the sequence of activities, who will do what, and when. In addition, plans should be flexible and can adapt to changing market conditions. It is also important to communicate these plans to subordinates. This will increase their understanding of what is being proposed and enlist their cooperation in the execution of it.
Methods
There are many methods of planning available for organizations. Some are top-down, while others are bottom-up. In top-down planning, the top-level manager provides broad guidelines for the organization. These guidelines are communicated to lower-level managers, who then develop plans and finalize them. The bottom-up method, by contrast, is decentralized and involves middle and lower management in the development and implementation of the plan.
One of the primary benefits of planning is that it reduces uncertainty. This means that the organization can anticipate what is coming next and make the best use of resources. It also helps the organization's employees cooperate to achieve common goals. Planning also helps improve the competitive strength of an organization. This makes it more likely to succeed and reduces the risk of failure.
Today's advanced information technology has dramatically changed the planning process. Future developments promise to be even more dramatic. Increasing access to high-speed Internet access will make it easier than ever to obtain and analyze information. The advent of computers has made it possible for planners to use more data in a more effective manner.
The planning process can be difficult without good community buy-in. Ensure that your methods align with the objectives of your plan. In addition to this, they must be legal and justified under the law. If the community does not approve of your method, you may find it difficult to implement it or even have pressure to remove it from your plan.
Resources
A critical component of project management is the management of resources. Resource management involves determining the mix of resources needed to complete a project. Resource management is critical for achieving project completion on time and within budget. It can also help improve job satisfaction and employee retention. A process for effective resource management considers three key factors to determine the right mix of resources needed for a project:
Using a resource management tool makes it easy to see where resources are located and when they are available. Many resource management tools also let managers view resource utilization, which makes it much easier to plan for the future. By storing the information in a central location, managers can drill down and refine their plans based on actual needs.
Resources management also involves assigning roles and tasks to project teams. For a thorough resource management process, use a resource management template that incorporates a RACI matrix and a histogram feature to display project activity and schedules. The template will show the resource's name, type, location, and source (if contracting). It will also include their roles and responsibilities.
People are an organization's most expensive and valuable resource. A successful resource management plan will take into account how people are available, as well as their skills, talents, and availability. A good resource management tool will also allow managers to assign work to both internal and external employees. The software should also prevent external users from accessing modules that are out of their scope.
Scheduling resources is a complicated task. It must balance competing constraints and time constraints. The resources must be allocated correctly to meet the demands of the project. Without a comprehensive understanding of the available resources, a project cannot be successful.
Monitoring
There are various methods to monitor the planning process, including using SAP BW reporting and BPS. BPS provides a tracking and status system for planning processes. The planning process can be influenced by authorization, which is often considered late in the project life cycle. Authorization can impact the data model, but OSS notes provide guidance on the authorization process.
Monitoring the planning process is critical for project success. It ensures that the plan has a clear structure. Without a clear structure, building a house would be like trying to do so without a blueprint. Failures are common when a project does not have clear goals and measurable objectives. When monitoring the planning process, you can make sure that the project is on track by comparing the actual performance of each phase against the set goals.
Monitoring is an integral part of the planning process, and it includes collecting and analyzing data before and during implementation. This data helps you determine the success of the plan and can inform strategic decisions. In addition, monitoring data provides the basis for evaluative analysis. M&E should be a part of every project - not an add-on.
The Scottish Government commissioned a research team to consider a new approach to performance management in planning. It suggested a shift from the current focus on processing speed to understanding how planning contributes to building a better Scotland. The researchers concluded that a rethinking of the monitoring and evaluation framework would benefit planning and the public in terms of learning, transparency, and delivering National Outcomes.
Besides the monitoring and evaluation part, this phase also includes monitoring and control. Monitoring data is crucial because not all projects follow the original plan. The initial budget may be exceeded, the team might miss a deadline due to scope creep, or a stakeholder may back out suddenly.
